It is the fifth autonomy in extension (41,602 Km2), which supposes 8.2 % of the Spanish territory. Its size surpasses some European countries like Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg.

Its Roman domination was very intense, as it reflects its abundant monumental legacy. During the Arab domination the city Badajoz receives greater relevance. This time, Extremadura became the Earth border between two worlds, the Christian and the Arab and in the Earth walls, fortresses, castles and fortifications were raised.

It enjoys great contrats in its landscapes, in which also they influence the climatic differences, being able to distinguish differences between the area of the Central System, the Plain, the mountainous Reliefs of the S and SE of Cáceres, that are spurs of Montes de Toledo, the Fertile valley of the Guadiana, the Tagus valley and the mountainous reliefs of the southern connect with Sierra Morena.

Three main relief areas are distinguished: the mountain, the plateau and the valleys.

The mountain areas include:

- Central System, with the Mountain range of Gredos, Peña de Francia, Mountain range of Béjar and Mountain range of Gata, as well as the zone of contact with the Cáceres plain .

- Spurs of Montes de Toledos, which do as dividing line between the river basin of the Tajo and the Guadiana one. Its altitude is minor than the one of the Central System, and more eroded.

- Spurs of Sierra Morena, that suppos a step towards the Guadalquivir valley.
The part of the Plateau that is located in Extremadura includes the Ciudad Real western plain.

The valleys that cross the region are those of the Guadiana river and the Tajo. The Guadiana valley is covered by alluvia and clays, with some great fertility regions, like the Tierra de Barros.

The climate is continental Mediterranean, own of the western facades of the continents, although smoothed by the Atlantic influence. It varies based on the height and on the sea influence although in general, it has summers more benign than in the rest of the Plateau and winters smoother and rainy.

The vegetation has own species of the sclrophyl Mediterranean forest, like oaks and cork oaks, forming meadows. The oak supports the zone heats; when the grove or evergreen oaks degenerates, it appears a scrub, first dense and soon clear one. Other trees that occur in the zone are the oaks, the chestnut tree, in the Tiétar valley and the negral and rodeno pine, as well as the eucalyptus, this one of repopulation.

The forest advantage has little importance except for the small familiar character factories and the cork advantage of the cork oaks.

The main rivers that cross the region are the Tajo and the Guadiana. The Tajo crosses from the Puente del Arzobispo to Herrera de Alcántara where already goes to Portugal. The Tiétar and the Alagón are their most important contributions.

The Guadiana river crosses the region from Villarta and the dam of Cíjara to the neighborhoods of Villanueva del Fresno, being taken advantage for the irrigation.