It is located in the northwestern of the Iberian Peninsula and occupies an extension of 29.434 Km2. Its remote situation and its communication difficulties along the History have done that the autonomy has a great internal coherence, with a cultural unit.

Tied in its origin to the Celtic culture, previous to the Roman civilization. On having be formed in Roman times in the peninsula of Lusitania, the peoples placed to another side of the Douro stopped being called Lusitanians to receive the Kallaikoi's generic name, that is to say Galician.

From the Middle Ages great importance has the route of the Way of Santiago, today declared by the UNESCO cultural patrimony of the humanity.

Its landscapes, always, are determined by an oceanic climate, with rains the whole year, and a leafy vegetation with abundant natural pastures. It is an autonomy of 500 m. of average altitude led by the Galician clump, that has its origin in the Hercynian orogenia. The ice formed in the quaternary glaciations produced forms glaciers in the summits of the Galician clump, near León's mounts, in the high reliefs placed in the border with the provinces of Zamora and León.

In the high mountain actuated the differential erosion, giving place in the eastern part to a relief of type Appalachians, with slates in the valleys, separated by combs. They constitute a part of León's mounts that separate Galicia from the Plateau.

The plateau of Lugo, of poor soils, with predominance of sandstones. It is an extensive slightly populated zone. The average course of the Miño marks two sectors, that of the north of Lugo and that of the south of Orense.

Mediterranean mounts or interior mountains in the north of the province of Lugo, which constitutes the hydrographic divide between the most top course of the Miño and the rivers of The Cantabrian Mountains.

The coasts, in which they stand out the estuaries, originated by the maritime and fluvial erosion. They spread from the top of Estaca de Bares up to the border with Portugal. The Northern coast of Galicia goes from Finisterre's Cape to the estuary of Ribadeo which shares with Asturias.

The predominant climate is the oceanic one, which is characterized in general by soft temperatures and abundant rainfall the whole year. The thermal annual extent is very small, with less of 15ºC in the interior and less of 10ºC in the littoral. The temperatures increase from east to west and from north to south. The rainfall diminishes from west to east and from north to south, giving them the minimum in summer and the maximum in winter. They are the major rainfalls of the whole peninsula. SO's winds bring rainfalls produced by the polar front. A Coruña placed to lee of these winds that bring the rains, because this explained that there should be fewer rains there, due to the effect foehn.

The vegetation changes also depending on the relief and the climate. We prune to say that Galicia is one of the regions with major forest wealth, which reaches almost the fourth three parts of its territory, if we include the dawned forest and the bushes. The forest produces the third part of the wood consumed in Spain and it is largely private. The most important species, besides the pine, are the oak and chestnut-tree forest. The birch is in the freshest places and the yew in the shady ones.

The extensive and varied vegetation sharpens the acid soil, which is for nature of silica, and therefore acid, for what it is a frequent practice to whitewash the natural meadows.

The rivers have rain regime and snow in the mountainous zones. In general they are short and mighty rivers. The Cantabrian rivers like the Hulla, the Tambreo or the Eo, are shorter then those which end in the Atlantic Ocean, as the Miño, with 343Km of length, and its tributary the Sil, those which most hydrological utilization have. As a whole they suppose the fifth part of the total hydroelectric production of Spain.